What Occurred at The Council of Nicea?
The Council of Nicea took place in 325 A.D. by the order of the Roman Emperor
Caesar Flavius Constantine. Nicea was located in Asia Minor, east of
Constantinople. At the Council of Nicea, Emperor Constantine presided over a
group of Church bishops and leaders with the purpose of defining the true God
for all of Christianity and to eliminate all the confusion, controversy, and
contention within Christ’s church. The Council of Nicea affirmed the deity of
Jesus Christ and established an official definition of the Trinity - the deity
of The Father, Son, and Holy Spirit under one Godhead, having three co-equal and
co-eternal Persona.
Constantine, a converted Christian (debatably), called for a council meeting to
be held in Nicea with the bishop’s of the Christian church to resolve escalating
quarrels and controversy mounting to a bitter degree of disunity amongst the
church leadership and congregates concerning theological issues. The failing
Roman Empire, now under Constantine’s rule, could not withstand the division
caused by years of hard fought, “out of hand” arguing over doctrinal
differences. He saw it not only as a threat to Christianity but as a threat to
society as well. Therefore, at the Council of Nicea, Constantine demanded that
the Christians settle their internal disagreements and become Christ-like agents
who could bring new life into a troubled, beaten down empire. Constantine felt
“called” to use his authority to help bring about the unity, peace, and love,
all for which Christ stands. He and the bishops had reason to worry about the
future survival of Christianity within the Roman world empire, let alone the
survival of his world empire as well. The Council of Nicea, led by Emperor
Constantine, was the meeting to settle differences, to become like minded, all
to the glory of Christ.
The main theological issue and focus had always been about Christ. Since the
ending of the Apostolic Age and beginning of the Church Age saints began
questioning, debating, fighting, and separating over, “Who is the Christ?” Is He
more “divine than human” or more “human than divine?” Was Jesus created / made
or begotten? Being the Son of God, is He co-equal and co-eternal with Father God
or less and lower in status than? Is the Father the One and only True God or is
the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit the One true God? “True God of True
God”, “One Being, Three Persons”, a tri-unity called “Trinity”? Jesus said, “Who
do you say that I am?” (Matthew 16:15).
Constantine demanded once the Nicea Council meeting was underway that the 300
bishops make a decision by majority vote defining who Jesus Christ is.
Constantine commanded them to create a “creed” doctrine that all of Christianity
would follow and obey, a doctrine that would be called the “Nicene Creed” upheld
by the Church and enforced by the Emperor. The bishops voted to make the fully
deity of Christ the accepted position for the church. The Council of Nicea voted
to make the Trinity the official doctrine of the church. However, the Council of
Nicea did not invent these doctrines. Rather, it only recognized what the Bible
taught, and systematized the doctrines.
See Understanding The Trinity and Section Was Jesus God.. on THIS Page
The New Testament taught that Jesus the Messiah, should be worshipped and
trusted which was/is to say He is co-equally God and man. The New Testament
forbids the worship of angles (Colossians 2.18; Revelation 22.8,9) but commands
worship of Jesus. Apostle Paul says about Jesus that, “in him the fullness of
Deity dwells bodily” (Colossians 2.9; cf. 1.19). Paul declares Jesus as Lord and
the One to whom a person must pray for salvation just as one calls on Jehovah,
Yahweh (Joel 2.32; Romans 10.9-13). “Jesus is God overall” (Romans 9.5). Our God
and Savior (Titus 2.13). Faith in Jesus’ Deity is basic to Paul’s testimony and
theology.
Apostle John’s Gospel declares Jesus being the Divine eternal Logo’s, agent of
creation and source of life and light (John 1. 1-5, 9). That Jesus is “the Way,
the Truth, and the Life (John 14.6), an advocate with heavenly Father (1 John
2.1-2), that He is sovereign (Revelation 1.5), the Rider on white horse
(Revelation 19.11-16), and the totality of the Son of God from the beginning to
the end (Revelation 22.13). The author of Hebrews reveals the full deity of
Jesus thru His perfection as the most high priest, Melchizedek (Hebrews
1.1,3,6,8,-12;7.3), and the full humanity (Hebrews chapter 2). The Divine-human
Savior being the Christians object of faith, hope, and love.
The Council of Nicea did not invent the doctrine of the deity of Christ. Rather,
the Council of Nicea affirmed the Apostles teaching of who Christ is as the One
true God in Deity and Trinity with the Father and the Holy Spirit. Amen
Footnote: Those who study the history of canonicity will trip themselves up
badly if attention is not paid to the varying and unsettled use of terms at this
point in church history (late fourth century). For instance, the term
"apocrypha" itself carries different import between Athanasius and Jerome.
Athanasius spoke of three categories of books: canonical, edifying, and
"apocryphal" - meaning heretical works to be avoided altogether. Jerome on the
other hand, used the term "apocryphal" for the second category of books, those
which are edifying (and Rufinus termed them "ecclesiastical," since they could
be read in the church). The same is true of the early use of the term "canon."
Athanasius appears to be the first to use it in the strict sense that we do
today; naturally, such usage was not immediately inculcated by all writers.
Sometimes "canonical" was used broadly and indiscriminately to include what
other authors more carefully delineated as the books of highest, inspired
authority (the church's standard - "canon") as well as the edifying or
"ecclesiastical" books which could be read in the church. We see this, for
instance, at the provincial (non-ecumenical) Third Council of Carthage in 397,
which explicitly identifies "the canonical writings" with what "should be read
in the church" - and includes the works deemed "edifying" by Athanasius or
"apocryphal" by Jerome. Contemporary Roman Catholic scholars recognize the
varying use of the term "canonical" by speaking of the apocryphal books as "deuterocanonical."
(Greg Bahnsen)