The area surrounding what is now Wuda, Inner Mongolia, once teemed with tropical plants before a tremendous ancient volcanic explosion overwhelmed it. The ash-entombed forest, buried between coal layers, left such remarkably preserved fossilized plants that artists and paleontologists have been able to reconstruct the former wet-forest landscape.
Scientists took advantage of this rare opportunity to investigate, in unprecedented detail, discrete segments of a whole fossilized forest. A nearby coal mining operation removed a tough crust and exposed the well-preserved fossils, which were found over a very large area.
In
their
study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, the researchers called the site the “early
Permian vegetational Pompeii at Wuda,”1 likening
it to the famously preserved remains at Pompeii, Italy. “The
consistent thickness of ash deposits in the region, as well
as the size of individual ash particles, suggest that the
volcanic blast occurred more than 100 kilometres away,”
according to Nature News.2 This roughly
equates to an ash blanket of 31,000 square miles, compared
with the 230-square–mile blanket produced by Mount St.
Helens’ 1980 explosion.3
The majority of plant fossils, such as those found in coal, were washed in from elsewhere, sorted, and compacted. But these plants look as though they were buried in place, preserving their original spacing along an ancient forest floor. Most of the plants were relatively short tree ferns. Dwarf shrubs, cycads, and clusters of ferns also grew, and much taller trees dotted the ancient scene. The study authors wrote, “It is likely that the same type of vegetation would have covered the very extensive mire in all directions and to the horizon.”1
But they did not mention the possibility that the entire forest may have been transported like a giant sheet. Although the tall trees had been toppled, the collective root mass appeared intact. Perhaps it originally was a floating forest.4
Evolution maintains that these Permian plants existed 240 million years ago. But ironically, according to that same evolutionary timeframe, their fossils should no longer exist. The fossils and all of China should have completely eroded about 14 million years after they were deposited, assuming the evolutionary paradigm and known erosion rates.5 The study authors wrote, “Excavation was necessary to secure the stunning specimens of this flora because weathering occurs rapidly and destroys the fossils.”1 So, did China’s landscape experience no weathering for over 200 million years?
In contrast, biblical history easily explains these “catastrophically preserved floras.”1 The extraordinarily cataclysmic conditions of Noah’s Flood—so violent that Scripture records that it totally destroyed the earth’s surface6—provided the tremendous energy required to wash plant matter into mats that would later turn to coal, to dislodge and transport a whole forest, and to unleash volcanic explosions that covered vast regions.
References
- Wang, J. et al. 2012. Permian vegetational Pompeii from Inner Mongolia and its implications for landscape paleoecology and paleobiogeography of Cathaysia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (13): 4927-4932.
- Perkins, S. Ash-covered forest is 'Permian Pompeii'. Nature News. Posted on nature.com February 20, 2012, accessed February 27, 2012.
- Mount St. Helens – From the 1980 Eruption to 2000. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 036-00. Posted on pubs.usgs.gov, accessed February 28, 2012.
- Thomas, B. Louisiana's Floating Marshes Echo Pre-Flood Ecosystem. ICR News. Posted on icr.org February 22, 2012, accessed February 28, 2012.
- Thomas, B. Continents Should Have Eroded Long Ago. ICR News. Posted on icr.org August 22, 2011, accessed February 28, 2012.
- 2 Peter 3:5-6.
Image credit: Copyright © 2012 National Academy of Sciences. Adapted for use in accordance with federal copyright (fair use doctrine) law. Usage by ICR does not imply endorsement of copyright holders.
* Mr. Thomas is Science Writer at the Institute for Creation Research.