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Fallacies are statements that are logically false, but which often appear to be true. Here are most of the known fallacies, in alphabetic order (see also the unique list of fallacies, which is shortened by removing the alternative names):

Absurd Extrapolation: see Slippery Slope
Abusive Ad Hominem: see Attack the person
Accent: Emphasis that changes the meaning of the sentence.
Accident: A general rule used to explain a specific case not covered by it.
Ad Absurdum: see Appeal to Ridicule
Ad Antiquitatem: see Appeal to Tradition
Ad Baculum: see Appeal to Fear
Ad Hominem: see Attack the person
Ad Hominem Abusive: see Attack the person
Ad Hominem Tu Quoque: See Personal Inconsistency
Ad Ignorantium: see Argument from Ignorance
Ad Metum: see Appeal to Fear
Ad Misericordiam: see Appeal to Pity
Ad Nauseum: see Repetition
Ad Novitam: see Appeal to Novelty
Ad Numeram: see Appeal to Common Practice
Ad Populum: see Appeal to Common Belief or Bandwagon
Ad Verecundiam: see Appeal to Authority
Affirming the Consequent: If A then B. B is true, so A is true.
Alleged Certainty: see Assertion
Amphibology: see Amphiboly
Amphiboly: A sentence has two different meanings.
Appeal to Authority: Referencing an 'expert'.
Appeal to Belief: see Appeal to Common Belief.
Appeal to Common Belief: If others believe it to be true, it must be true.
Appeal to Common Practice: If others do it, it must be ok to do it too.
Appeal to Consequences of a Belief: see Wishful thinking
Appeal to Emotion: If it feels good, it must be true.
Appeal to Fear: Gaining compliance through threat.
Appeal to Force: see Appeal to Fear
Appeal to Ignorance: see
Appeal to Majority: see Common Belief
Argument from ignorance
Appeal to Novelty: Newer is better.
Appeal to Pity: Going for the sympathy vote.
Appeal to Ridicule: Mocking the other person's claim.
Appeal to Sympathy: see Appeal to Pity
Appeal to Tradition: It has always been done this way, so this way is right.
Argument from Ignorance: Accepting circumstantial evidence.
Assertion: What I say is true.
Attack the Person: Distracting them from their argument.
Bandwagon: see Appeal to Common Belief
Begging the Question: Circular reasoning to prove assumed premise.
Biased Sample: see Unrepresentative Sample
Bifurcation: see False Dilemma
Black and White Thinking: see Excluded Middle
Burden of proof: see Argument from Ignorance
Canceling Hypotheses: see Conspiracy Theory
Chicken and Egg argument: see Begging the Question
Circular Definition: see Begging the Question
Circular Reasoning: see Begging the Question
Circulus in Demonstrando: see Begging the Question
Circumstantial Ad Hominem: see Attack the person
Complex Question: two questions, one answer allowed.
Composition: Generalizing from a few to the whole set.
Consequences: see Appeal to Fear
Conspiracy Theory: Reframe refutation as further proof.
Converse Accident: see Hasty Generalization
Cum Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc: see False Cause
Denying the Antecedent: If A then B. A is false, so B is false.
Destroying the Exception: see Accident
Dicto Simpliciter: see Accident
Discredit: see Poisoning the Well
Division: Assuming the parts have the characteristics of the whole.
Double Bind: see Complex Question
Ecological fallacy: Conclusion about individual from group data.
Exception fallacy: Conclusions about group from individual data.
Either/Or: see False Dilemma
Emphasis: see Accent
Equivocation: A single word with more than one meaning.
Excluded Middle: Only extreme views are valid.
Fallacy of Exclusion: see Unrepresentative Sample
False Analogy: X has property Y. Z is like X. So Z has property Y.
False Cause: A causes B (but no proof).
False Compromise: Extreme views are wrong. The middle way is right.
False Dichotomy: see False Dilemma or Excluded Middle
False Dilemma: Choice is A or B. Rejecting A is selecting B.
False Division: see Division
False Effect: A is assumed to cause B. B is proven wrong, so A is wrong.
False Metaphor: see False Analogy
False Question: see Complex Question
Faulty Induction: see Composition
Faulty Deduction: see Division
Four Terms: All A is B. All C is D. So all A is D.
From Ignorance: see Argument from ignorance
Gambler's Fallacy: Chance can be predicted.
Generalization: see Composition
Hasty Generalization: Generalizing from too-small a sample.
Hasty Induction: see Hasty Generalization
Ignorance of Refutation: see Missing the Point
Ignoratio Elenchi: see Missing the Point
Illicit Major: All X is Y. No P (which is a subset of Y) is X. Therefore no P is Y.
Illicit Minor: All X are Y. All X are P. Therefore all P are Y.
In a Certain Respect and Simply: Extending assumed boundaries too far.
Inconsistency: see Logical Inconsistency
Inductive Generalization: see Hasty Generalization
Insignificance: Making a minor cause seem major.
Insufficient Sample: see Hasty Generalization
Insufficient Statistics: see Hasty Generalization
In Terrorem: see Appeal to Fear
Irrelevant Conclusion: see Missing the Point
Leaping to Conclusion: see Hasty Generalization
Loaded Question: see Complex Question
Logical Inconsistency: Arguments that contradict one another.
Lonely Fact: see Hasty Generalization
Many Questions: overloading them with lots of questions.
Missing the Point: Drawing the wrong conclusion.
Nagging: see Repetition
Non Causa Pro Causa: see False Effect
Non Sequitur: See Affirming the Consequent, Denying the Antecedent or Missing the Point.
Petitio Principii: see Begging the Question
Personal Inconsistency: Past words or deeds do not match claim.
Plurium Interrogationum: see Many Questions
Poisoning the Well: Discrediting the person before they speak.
Polarization: see Excluded Middle
Post Hoc: X follows Y. Therefore X is caused by Y.
Post hoc, ergo propter hoc: see Post Hoc
Questionable Cause: see False Cause
Reasoning in a Circle: see Begging the Question
Red Herring: Distracting with an irrelevancy.
Reductio ad Absurdum: see Appeal to Ridicule
Repetition: Repeating something makes it more true.
Scare Tactics: see Appeal to Fear
Secundum quid et simpliciter: see In a Certain Respect and Simply
Slippery Slope: Loosely connected statements with ridiculous conclusion.
Social Conformance: Agree with me or be socially isolated.
Splitting the Difference: see False Compromise
Statistical Generalization: see Hasty Generalization
Strawman: Attack a weak argument used by the other person.
Style over Substance: An attractive presentation makes it more right.
Sweeping Generalization: see Accident
Undistributed Middle: All A is B. All C is B. Therefore all C is A.
Unrepresentative Sample: What is true about any sample is also true about the population.
Value of Community: see Appeal to Common Belief
Weak Analogy: see False Analogy
Wishful Thinking: A is true because I want it to be true.
You too: See Personal Inconsistency

Aristotle, in his Sophistical Refutations (Sophistici Elenchi), identified thirteen fallacies, as follows:

Linguistic fallacies
Accent
Amphiboly
Equivocation
Composition and Division (two sides of the same coin)
Figure of Speech

Non-linguistic fallacies
Accident
Affirming the Consequent
In a Certain Respect and Simply
Ignorance of Refutation
Begging the Question
False Cause
Many Questions

Source: http://changingminds.org/disciplines/argument/fallacies/fallacies_alpha.htm

See also