FALSE PROPHETS - those who falsely claim to utter revelations that come from God, to foretell future events, or to have God’s power to produce miracles, signs, and wonders. In the Bible, false prophets fell into three general categories: (1) those who worshiped false gods and served idols; (2) those who falsely claimed to receive messages from the Lord; and (3) those who wandered from the truth and ceased to be true prophets.
In the Old Testament, Moses spoke of the punishment of those who betrayed the faith. He ordered that any prophet who advocated the worship of other gods be stoned to death (Deut. 13:1-18). During the reign of King Ahab of Israel, false prophets were officially approved by Ahab and his queen, Jezebel. The writer of 1 Kings speaks of "the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal, and the four hundred prophets of Asherah, who eat at Jezebel’s table" (1 Kin. 18:19). Later, 400 false prophets spoke words they knew Ahab the king wanted to hear and assured him of victory at Ramoth Gilead. Micaiah, the true prophet, who warned Ahab of defeat and disaster, was put in prison on a diet of bread and water (1 Kin. 22:1-28).
A recurring characteristic of the false prophets is that they often are found in the employment of the powerful and that they are careful to speak pleasing, positive, and flattering words to their employers. Jeremiah condemned the false prophets who were always saying, "Peace, peace!" when there was no peace (Jer. 6:14; 8:11). The false prophets preached a popular but false message: there would be victory against Babylon (Jer. 28:1-17). Jeremiah said, "The prophets prophesy falsely . . . and My people love to have it so" (Jer. 5:31). Even though Jeremiah was a true prophet of the Lord, the false prophets were rewarded by the king and Jeremiah was cast into a dungeon (Jer. 38:6).
In the New Testament, Jesus said, "Woe to you when all men speak well of you, for so did their fathers to the false prophets" (Luke 6:26). He warned his disciples to beware of false prophets "who come . . . in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous wolves" (Matt. 7:15). When speaking of the signs of the times and the end of the age, He also said, "Then many false prophets will rise up and deceive many. For false christs and false prophets will arise and show great signs and wonders, so as to deceive, if possible, even the elect" (Matt. 24:11, 24).
Later, the false prophet Bar-Jesus, also called Elymas the sorcerer, was smitten with blindness by the apostle Paul because he tried to turn the proconsul Sergius Paulus away from the Christian faith (Acts 13:6-12).
Youngblood, Ronald F. ; Bruce, F. F. ; Harrison, R. K. ; Thomas Nelson Publishers: Nelson's New Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Nashville : T. Nelson, 1995