What is a soul?

 

Response to comment [from a Christian]: "a) of animals b) of men"

 

Animals have a soul. They do not have a spirit.

"The “soul” is the nephesh, also shared by animals (Genesis 1:24), and refers to the consciousness principle, the realm of the mind and emotions. The soul was created on the fifth day; but just as man’s body was tremendously more complex and capable than those of animals, so man’s soul was of much higher order than the animal soul..." Morris, Henry M.: The Genesis Record : A Scientific and Devotional Commentary on the Book of Beginnings. Grand Rapids, MI : Baker Books, 1976, S. 86

"...[T]he (human) soul in so far as it is constituted that by the right use of the aids offered it by God it can attain its highest end and secure eternal blessedness..."

 

The soul is descriptive of our spiritual life (Ps. 42:1, 2, 4). Not everyone one is spiritual. One is spiritual if he has the spirit of God (Ga 5:16-26). One in the flesh needs rescue (James 5:20).

Response to comment [from a Christian]: “No, the scriptures do not make this association even in the new covenant definition as many try to claim. It shows clearly when the soul dies it doesnt go anywhere but the grave, the person is no more...” 

That is false. Annihilationism is not biblical.

"One view of hell that seems to be making a strong resurgence today among evangelicals is Annihilationism. There are slight variations, but it essentially teaches God will eventually snuff every unbeliever out of existence. Some Annihilationists make room for divine wrath, but they don’t allow it to extend beyond the lake of fire. In other words, they won’t allow God the full force of His judgment, which is eternal, conscious torment..." Full text:
Is Hell Really Endless? Grace to You

What is a soul?